Information about its cultivation in Hindi

Guava crop is the fourth largest commercial crop in India after mango, banana, and lemon. Guava cultivation in India started in the 17th century. The tropical regions of America and West Indies are known for the origin of guava. Guava has adapted so well to the climate of India that it is cultivated very successfully. 

At present, apart from Maharashtra, Karnataka, Orissa, West Bengal, Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Bihar, and Uttar Pradesh, it is also being cultivated in Punjab and Haryana. In Punjab, guava is cultivated on an area of ​​8022 hectares and the average yield is 160463 metric tons. Along with this, the demand for guavas produced in India's climate is continuously increasing in foreign countries, due to which its cultivation has started being done commercially all over India.

Guava taste and nutrients

The taste of guava is more delicious and sweet. Various medicinal properties are also present inside guava. For this reason, it is also used to get relief from dental diseases. Guava has its importance in gardening. Guava is also called the apple of the poor because it is beneficial, cheap, and available everywhere. Guava contains nutrients like Vitamin C, Vitamin B, Calcium, Iron, and Phosphorus.

Also read: Why cultivating Japanese Red Diamond guava is beneficial for farmers

How much profit is earned from guava

Jelly, juice, jam, and barfi are also made from guava. By taking good care of guava fruit, it can be stored for a long time. Farmers can grow guava once and get production for about 30 years. Farmers can easily earn an annual income of Rs 10 to 12 lakh from guava gardening on one acre. If you are also planning to do guava gardening then this article is very beneficial for you. Because in this article we will give you information about guava cultivation.

Commercially improved varieties of guava 

Punjab Pink: The fruits of this variety are a large and attractive golden yellow color. Its pulp is red, from which a very good aroma comes. The annual production of one plant is approximately 155 kg.

Allahabad Safeda: Its fruit is soft and round. Its pulp is white and has an attractive aroma. The annual yield from one plant can be approximately 80 to 100 kg.

Orx Mridula: Its fruits are large in size, soft, round and have white pulp. Up to 144 kg of fruits can be obtained from one plant annually.

Sardar:  Also known as L 49. Its fruit is large in size and rough from the outside. Its pulp is cream-coloured. Its annual production per plant ranges from 130 to 155 kg.

Shweta: The pulp of this variety of fruit is creamy white. The sucrose content in the fruit is 10.5 to 11.0 percent. Its average yield is 151 kg per tree. 

Punjab Safeda: The pulp of this variety of fruit is creamy and white. The amount of sugar in the fruit is 13.4% and the amount of sourness is 0.62%.

Other improved varieties: Allahabad Surkha, Apple Guava, Spotted, Pant Prabhat, Lalit, etc. are the improved commercial varieties of guava. The amount of TSS in all these varieties is more than Allahabad Safeda and L 49 varieties. 

Suitable climate for guava cultivation 

Guava has adapted so well to the Indian climate that it can be cultivated easily and very successfully in any part of India. Due to the guava plant being very tolerant, it can be cultivated easily in any type of soil and climate. The Guava plant is from a tropical climate.

Also read: This guava can provide good income to farmers

Therefore, it is most cultivated in areas with arid and semi-arid climates. Guava plants can easily tolerate both cold and hot climates. But frost falling during the winter season damages its small plants. Its plants can tolerate a maximum temperature of 30 degrees and a minimum of 15 degrees. At the same time, a fully grown plant can tolerate temperatures up to 44 degrees.

Selection of land for farming

As told to you above the guava plant is a plant of tropical climate. According to the Indian climate, it can be successfully cultivated in any type of soil from light to heavy, and with low drainage. But, for its best commercial cultivation, sandy loam to clayey soil is considered best. In alkaline soil, its plants are at risk of rotting disease. 

For this reason, the pH value of the land for its cultivation should be between 6 to 6.5. To get its excellent yield, use only a similar type of soil in the field. Guava gardening can be done in both hot and dry climates. The areas of the country which receive 100 to 200 cm of rainfall in a year. There it can be easily cultivated successfully.

Process of sowing guava seeds

For guava cultivation, it is best to sow seeds from February to March or August to September. Guava plants are planted through both seed and seedling methods. Apart from sowing seeds in the field, quick production can be achieved by planting seedlings. If you are planting saplings in a guava field, then maintain a distance of 6 x 5 meters at the time of planting. If the sapling has been planted squarely, then keep the distance between its saplings to 15 to 20 feet. 25 cm of sapling. Plant at a depth of. 

Also read: Farmers can earn 3 times more income from Japanese Red Diamond guava than normal guava.

This will provide ample space for the plants and their branches to spread. About 132 saplings can be planted in one acre of guava farmland. Apart from this, if its cultivation is being sown through seeds, then the distance will be as per the plantation and the seeds should be sown at normal depth.

Method of sowing – Sowing can be done by planting in the field, by grafting, by sowing, by direct sowing, etc.

What is the process of propagating saplings from guava seeds?  

Traditional guava crop is used in selective breeding. It can be used for excellent yield and quality of fruits. Pant Prabhat, Lucknow-49, Allahabad Surkh, Paluma Arka Mirdula, etc. have been developed similarly. Its plants are prepared by planting seeds or by air layering method. Sardar variety seeds are drought tolerant and can be used to prepare cheese from the roots. For this, seeds should be prepared from fully ripe fruits and sown in beds or soft beds from August to March. 

Please note that the length of the beds should be 2 meters and the width should be 1 meter. After 6 months from sowing, Paneeri is ready to be planted in the field. When the width of the newly germinated paneer becomes 1 to 1.2 cm and the height reaches 15 cm, it is ready to be used for the germination method. The time from May to June is suitable for the pen method. Young plants and freshly cut branches or cuttings can be used for the germination method.