Farming

The reason for the flaxseed crop being a multipurpose crop has increased the demand for linseed across India nowadays. Linseed is a precious oilseed crop, which is used to prepare medicines along with various industries. Every part of linseed can be used directly and indirectly in many forms. Oil emanating from linseed seeds is often not used as intake, but in making medicines. Its oil is used to produce varnish, paints and lubricants and used to make ink for pad ink and press printing. Its seeds are used in poultry in funes.

High quality fibre is earned through a stem of flaxseed. At the same time, linen is made from fibre. Linseed cake is used as animal feed for animals giving milk. Also, it is used as a compost due to the proper amount of nutritional elements in Khali. The wooden part of the linseed plant and small fibres are used to make paper.

Use manure and fertiliser like this

Nitrogen 50 kg to achieve great production for unirrigated areas. Phosphorus 40 kg. And 40 kg. 100 kg at the rate of potash and in irrigated areas. Nitrogen, 60 kg. Phosphorus and 40 kg. Use at the rate of potash per hectare. In the unirrigated condition, the complete quantity of nitrogen and phosphorus and potash and half the quantity of nitrogen in the irrigated condition and plenty of phosphorus at the time of sowing 2-3 cm by Chogas. Use below. At the same time, in the irrigated condition, the remaining half of the nitrogen should be used as a dressing after the first irrigation. The use of super phosphate is more beneficial for phosphorus.

Irrigate this way in linseed cultivation

This crop is basically sown in unirrigated form. But, where there is a means of irrigation, there is an increase in production by doing two types of irrigation: the first flowers and the second grain.

Perform Khanpatar control in linseed in this way

Mainly flax seeds have weeds like Kushnil, Hirankhuri, Chatri -Matri, Akra -Akari, Wild carrot, Pyaji, Khartua, Satanashi, Bathua and Senji, etc., farmers should take this measure to control these weeds.

Treat this way for control

For management, the first fidelity should be done after 20 to 25 days of sowing and the second nidai after 40-45 days. Pandymethin 30 percent E.C. for weed management by chemical method in linseed crop. Dissolve in 800-1000 litres of water of 3.30 litres per hectare and spray equally in 2-3 days of sowing from flat fan nazil.

The Haryana Agriculture Department has issued necessary information related to the Chepa insect in wheat and barley crops. The children and adult leaves of this insect make the plants very weak by sucking juice. At the same time, its development reflects. Wheat and barley crops are most performed by the farmers of India. Because, both these crops are large -scale whole grain crops worldwide.

Wheat and barley are cultivated in Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, Bihar, Himachal Pradesh, Gujarat, Uttar Pradesh, Punjab, Haryana and Jammu and Kashmir. Farmers do various types of tasks to achieve great production from their crops. If seen, wheat and barley crops are very prone to various types of diseases and insects. In reality, the attack of Chepa (Al) has been seen more in wheat and barley. Chepa can completely eliminate the crop.

Procedure to protect wheat and barley crop from Chepa (Al)

By the attack of chepa ( al ) on wheat and barley crops , the children and adults  of this insect  sucks the juice from the leaves and make the plants weak .To control it, mix malathion 50 ml E.C. in 200 litres of water and spray it on the crop per acre. Farmers can also contact their nearest Agriculture Department officials to keep their crop safe from this insect.

Also read: Major Ratua disease in wheat crop

What do you understand about Chepa (Al) and what is it?

Chepa is a type of insect, which directly invades wheat and barley crops. If this insect is applied to the plant once, it sucks the plant juice  and weakens it much more. Because of this, the plant does not grow properly.

Most of the Chepa insect crop is seen in the middle of November to February. This insect first engulfs the most delicate and weak parts of the crop. Then gradually spreads inside the entire crop. Chepa insect is seen as a mosquito, it is like yellow, brown or black coloured worms in appearance.

Cashew nut is a popular nut of India. Cashew nuts are about an inch thick. Cashew is a type of tree that is used as a dry fruit. Cashew nuts are encased inside a shell with two layers, and this shell is smooth and oily. Cashew nuts are produced in many states of the country like India. For example: West Bengal, Tamil Nadu, Kerala, Orissa, Maharashtra and Goa.

When and How to cultivate cashew nuts?

Cashew nuts are cultivated by farmers in the months of April and May. The land is first prepared by the farmers for the cultivation of cashew nuts. In this, unnecessary plants and shrubs on the land are uprooted. After this, the field is ploughed 3-4 times, after ploughing, the field is levelled by applying pata. After that, after making the land more fertile, cow dung manure is also used by the farmers. As per the requirement, the farmers plough the field well by adding manure to the field.

How to Sow?

For sowing cashew plants, pits are made in the field at a distance of 15-20 metres in the field. The pits are left empty for at least 15 -20 days. After that, DAP and dung manure are mixed in the top soil and filled well. Keep in mind that the land near the pits is not such that there is a problem of watering, it can have a great effect on the cashew plant.

Organic farming also helps in fighting cancerous diseases of the heart and brain. Natural vegetables and fruits with exercise bring out the best in your life.

Organic farming is considered the protector of the environment. Since the Corona epidemic, there has been a lot of awareness among the people about health. The intellectual class is giving priority to vegetables grown from organic farming in place of vegetables grown from chemical food.

More than two times the production has been produced in the last 4 years

For the last four years in India, the area of organic farming has increased and more than doubled. The area was 29.41 lakh hectare in 2019-20, it increased to 38.19 lakh hectare in 2020-21 and in last year 2021-22 it was 59.12 lakh hectares.

Very helpful in fighting many serious diseases

Organic farming based on natural pesticides also helps in fighting cancer and dangerous diseases of the heart and brain. Natural vegetables and fruits with exercise can bring out the best in your life.

Also read: Return from chemical to organic farming

India is in the entire global market

India is rapidly focusing on the global market of organic farming. There is so much demand that the supply is not met. There is definitely a lot of potential in the field of organic farming in the coming years. All people are becoming aware of their health.

Start organic farming in this way

In general, people ask questions, how to start organic farming? For organic farming, first you want to do farming. Understand the soil there. Before starting organic farming, farmers start with training, then the challenges can be reduced considerably. The farmer understands the demand of the market and selects the crop, which crop should be grown. For this, farmers must take advice and opinion from experts from their nearest Krishi Vigyan Kendra or Agricultural Universities.

The botanical name of mint is Mentha, it is also called a herbal plant. Mint plants are considered very beneficial for health. Apart from vitamins A and C, nutrients like minerals are also found inside mint. There is good demand for mint during summer, hence farmers can earn good profits by cultivating it.

The leaves of mint plant are about 2-2.5 fingers long and 1.5 to 2 fingers wide. This plant has a fragrant smell and is used in many things during summer. Mint is a perennial plant

How to prepare mint field

For mint cultivation, land with good drainage is required. Before sowing mint, plow the field thoroughly and then level the land. Cow dung manure can also be used in the field while re-plowing. Along with this, nitrogen, potash and phosphorus can also be used in the field for higher yield of mint. For mint cultivation, the pH value of the land should be between 6-7.

Also read: Demand for peppermint oil in India

Suitable climate and soil for mint

Actually, it is considered better to plant mint in spring season. But it is a perennial plant and can be cultivated in all seasons except the winter season. Hot climate is considered better for its production. More fertile soil is required for mint cultivation. Mint can be cultivated even in waterlogged areas; moisture is required for its cultivation.

Improved varieties of mint

Some varieties of mint are as follows, Kosi, Kushal, Saksham, Gaumati (HY 77), Shivalik, Himalaya, Sankar 77, MAS-1, all these are improved varieties of mint. Farmers can earn good profits by producing these varieties.

What is the method of mint cultivation?

Mint cultivation is done like paddy cultivation. In this, first mint is sown properly in a bed of the field. When its roots emerge, mint is planted in the previously prepared field. Farmers should choose appropriate varieties for mint cultivation, so that the farmer can earn more profits.

Also read: Farmers can earn lakhs by growing these crops in winters

Irrigation management for mint

Irrigation is done about 8-9 times in mint fields. Irrigation of mint mostly depends on the type of soil and climate. If there is good rain after monsoon, then irrigation work is reduced. After the departure of monsoon, the mint crop is watered about three times more. Along with this, mint crop does not require much irrigation in winter, farmers provide water as per requirement.

Weed control and management

To protect the mint crop from weeds, farmers should do weeding from time to time. Along with this, pesticides can also be used by farmers. To control weeds, the farmer should not produce only one crop, he should adopt crop rotation. By adopting crop rotation, problems like weeds in the field are reduced and crop production is also higher.

Also read: Microgreen farming will make you rich fast and can be done anywhere

Harvesting mint crops

The mint crop becomes ripe in about 100-120 days. The mint crop is harvested by farmers by hand. When the lower leaves of mint start turning yellow, its harvesting is started. After harvesting, mint leaves are used for many purposes. Mint can also be stored for a long time. Besides, its green leaves are also used for cooking.

Mint is commonly used in many things, like making chutney, adding it to buttermilk and many more. Mint is harvested twice, first after 100 -120 days and second after 80 days. Besides, mint is full of many medicinal properties. Mint is mostly produced in the states of Punjab, Haryana and Uttar Pradesh. Also, mint increases the immunity inside the body.

Cotton is cultivated extensively in India. Cotton is also known as a cash crop. Cotton cultivation is mostly done in the rain and kharif season. Black soil is considered suitable for cotton cultivation. This crop also has a very good impact on the economy of our country, as it is a cash crop. There are also some advanced varieties of cotton, which the farmer can earn profits by producing.

1 Supercott BG II 115

This type is one of the best varieties of Prabhat Seed. This variety can be sown in both irrigated and unirrigated areas. This variety is mostly performed in states like Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, Gujarat, Maharashtra, Telangana and Madhya Pradesh. This variety of plants are mostly tall and spread. By sowing this seed, the farmer can get a yield of 20 -25 quintals in one acre of land. This crop gets ready in 160 -170 days.

Also read: Nanded -based cotton research centre developed three new varieties of cotton

2 Indo US 936, Indo US 955

This variety of cotton tops the Variety of Indo American. This variety of cotton is cultivated in Gujarat and Madhya Pradesh. It requires very light soil land for its cultivation. The weight of cotton in this variety is 7 -10 grams. Flowers start coming in this variety of cotton for 45-48 days. This variety gets ready in about 155 -165 days. The colour of the flower coming in this variety is creamy. Indo US 936, Indo US 955 has a production capacity of 15-20 quintals per acre.

3 Ajeet 177bg II

This variety can be grown in both irrigated and unirrigated areas. The length of the cotton plant in this variety is 145 to 160 centimetres. In this variety of cotton weighs 6 -10 grams. Ajeet 177bg II contains good types of fibres. This variety of cotton also has very few chances of leaf curling insects. This crop becomes ready within 145 -160 days. Its production capacity per acre is 22–25 quintals.

4 Mahyco Bahubali MRC 7361

Most of this variety is produced in Rajasthan, Maharashtra, Karnataka, Telangana, Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu. This crop ripes during the medium period. The weight of this type of cotton is also very good. This crop yields around 20 -25 quintals per acre.

Also read: Cotton cultivation can make a big profit to farmers

5 Rasi Neo

This variety of cotton is mostly grown in states like Haryana, Punjab, Maharashtra, Telangana, Gujarat and Madhya Pradesh. This variety is tolerant of sucking insects. This variety of cotton plants are green. The production capacity of Rasi Neo is 20 -22 quintals per acre. This variety has been considered quite suitable for light and medium land.

Garlic is cultivated on a large scale in most states of India. It is cultivated by farmers between October and November. In the cultivation of garlic, the buds are sown under the ground by farmers and covered with soil. Before sowing, see that the tubers are not spoiled, if the tuber is spoiled, the entire garlic crop can be spoiled.

While sowing garlic, the distance between the buds should be the same. Garlic cultivation requires very low temperatures. Its crop is neither required to have much cold nor too much heat. Garlic contains an element called Elsin, causing smell of garlic.

Climate suitable for garlic cultivation

We need a normal temperature for garlic cultivation. The ripening of garlic tubers depends on its temperature. Garlic crops can also be spoiled due to excessive cold and heat.

How to prepare garlic field

After ploughing the garlic field well, use cow dung in the field, and mix it well in the soil. Plough the field again so that cow dung manure can be mixed well in the field. After this, you can do irrigation work in the field. If any diseases like weeds are seen in the field, then we can also use chemical fertiliser for that.

Also read: Earn millions in 6 months by producing garlic biologically

What are the benefits of eating garlic:

• Help in increasing immunity

Eating garlic increases immunity, it contains elements called Elsin. Which helps in increasing the immunity inside the body. Garlic contains zinc, phosphorus and magnesium which is very beneficial for our body.

• Helps to reduce cholesterol

Garlic is helpful in reducing cholesterol, increasing cholesterol is harmful to our health. They are helpful in removing useless cholesterol. Garlic is helpful in reducing heart -related problems by thinning the blood.

• Prevention of diseases like cancer

Garlic is also helpful in prevention of cancer disease. There are many elements found inside garlic that prevent the growing cells of cancer from spreading. Garlic is considered beneficial for people suffering from cancer.

Also read: Protect from garlic pest diseases

• Aid in digestion process

Eating garlic is considered accessible to digestion. By taking garlic in the diet, it reduces inflammation on the intestines. Eating garlic ends insects in the stomach. Also, it benefits the intestines. Eating garlic destroys the useless bacteria inside the body.

What are the harm caused by eating garlic

Eating garlic has many benefits, but sometimes it is harmful to use more garlic. Know the disadvantages caused by excessive use of garlic:

• Harmful for people with low blood pressure

Eating garlic is considered better for people with high blood pressure, but this can have side effects on people with low blood pressure. Garlic effect is hot, due to which it is not beneficial for people with low blood pressure. Its food can cause nausea and burning sensation on the chest etc.

• Problems like gas and acidity can occur

Eating garlic can cause many problems related to digestion, eating more garlic can also cause diseases like diarrhoea. People with weak digestive bears do not get much garlic digestion well, due to which diseases like stomach gas, pain and acidity are also produced.

Also read: Garlic yield can be obtained in how long

• Promotes problems like bloodshed and allergies

Those who consume garlic daily may have problems like blood pressure. Garlic should not be used by people suffering from allergies. If a person already has allergies, then he can use garlic by consulting health consultation.

Garlic is mostly consumed during the winter season, because garlic is hot. In winter, roasted garlic is eaten by most people, because it is helpful in reducing weight and keeping the heart healthy. But using garlic more than necessary can also cause many damage to the body. Consuming garlic on an empty stomach can also cause problems like acidity.

Garlic has some disruptions that dilute blood, which are good for heart related problems. If garlic is used more, it may face challenges like bleeding. The best way to eat garlic is that you consume garlic with a glass of warm water on an empty stomach in the morning. It controls health related problems. Also, it is considered extremely useful for skin diseases.

Farmers, if you also want to earn a good income from mushroom production, then these three excellent mushroom-growing techniques can be very helpful for you. The technologies we are talking about are shelf, polythene bag, and tray technology. We will discuss these techniques further in this article. 

Mushroom is a cash crop for the farmers of India, which provides them with good profits at a low cost. These days, the demand for mushrooms is highest in the domestic and foreign markets, due to a significant increase in their prices in the market. In such a situation, if farmers cultivate mushrooms in their fields, they can earn huge profits. In this series, today we have brought information about the three best techniques of mushrooms for farmers, with the help of which the yield of mushrooms will be much higher.

Following are the three best techniques for mushroom production:

Mushroom Growing Shelf Technology

In this wonderful technique of growing mushrooms, the farmer has to make a shelf from one to one-and-a-half-inch thick planks of strong wood, which are attached to iron angle frames. Keep in mind that the wooden ply that is being used for mushroom production must be of good wooden quality. The width of the shelf should be approximately 3 feet and the distance between the shelves should be one and a half feet. In this way, mushroom farmers can produce mushroom shelves up to five floors above each other. 

Also read: Blue mushroom cultivation started in the state, tribals are getting bumper profits

Polythene bags for growing mushrooms

The polythene bag technique of growing mushrooms is most adopted by farmers. In this technique, farmers do not need to do much hard work. This technique can be done easily in one room. In polythene bag technology, polythene envelopes of 200 gauge measuring 25 inches in length and 23 inches in width, with a height of 14 to 15 inches and a diameter of 15 to 16 inches are used for mushroom production. So that the mushroom can grow much better. 

Mushroom growing Tray Technology

This technique of growing mushrooms is very easy. With the help of technology, farmers can easily transport mushrooms from one place to another because this mushroom production is done through a tray. The size of a tray for growing mushrooms is 1/2 square meters and up to 6 inches deep. So that 28 to 32 kg of fertilizer can easily come in it.

Three improved mustard varieties CS-61, CS-62, and CS-64 have been developed by agricultural scientists of CSSRI for sodic alkaline land areas. Let us tell you that these three varieties of mustard will be available to farmers by 2024.

To provide more profits to the farmers of India, Central Soil and Salinity Research Institute (CSSRI) has prepared 3 new improved varieties of mustard. Farmers will get more production from these three excellent varieties of mustard. Besides, these three varieties of mustard can be easily cultivated in sodic i.e. alkaline soil. According to media reports, all three species of mustard developed by scientists will be available in the hands of farmers by the year 2024. We are talking about CS-61, CS-62 and CS-64 varieties.

Also read: Farmers can earn excellent profits by cultivating this variety of mustard.

It should be known that even before these varieties, some salt-tolerant mustard varieties CS-56, CS-58, and CS-60 have been prepared by agricultural scientists, and are currently being made available to farmers. Along with this, these mustard seeds are being distributed by agriculture departments and seed institutions.

Cultivation of new improved varieties of mustard

The best mustard varieties CS-61, CS-62, and CS-64 developed at the Central Soil and Salinity Research Institute will give good yields in every area. However, it will provide higher yield in the areas of Himachal Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, Haryana, Punjab, and Jammu and Kashmir. Let us tell you that with these three varieties, the mustard crop will flourish well in the farmer's fields. Apart from this, it will be available at a good price in the market also.

Also read: Major diseases and management of diseases in mustard crop

Features of these developed improved varieties of mustard

Cultivation of these three improved varieties of mustard will work as a boon for areas where the soil is not suitable for mustard cultivation. CS-61, CS-62 and CS-64 varieties of mustard have been developed for such areas, where mustard is not grown even today. The farmer brothers there can also take advantage of the mustard crop with the help of these varieties. Also, these three new varieties of mustard will produce approximately 27 to 29 quintals per hectare. At the same time, in sodic i.e. alkaline soil, this variety will provide a yield of 21 to 23 quintals per hectare. Apart from this, the amount of oil in these mustard varieties will be around 41 percent.

In which areas of India mustard is not cultivated

Mustard is not cultivated in many states of India. For example, mustard is not produced in some areas of Haryana and Punjab. Apart from this, mustard is not cultivated in many areas of Uttar Pradesh like Pratapgarh, Kaushambi, Lucknow, Kanpur, Etawah Hardoi, etc. With these three varieties of mustard developed by scientists, the mustard crop will flourish in these areas also.

Mustard is one of the major rabi crops. Explain that mustard cultivation is done prominently in many states of India. If we talk about advanced varieties of mustard, then Raj Vijay Mustard-2, Pusa Mustard 21, Pusa Mustard RH 30, Pusa Bold and Pusa Mustard are 28sa Bold and Pusa Mustard 28.. In fact, in almost all the states of India, everything from sowing of crops to harvesting remains dependent on the weather. As you know, the time of harvesting of kharif crops is going on. Also, farmers are preparing to sow rabi crops. At the same time, the major crops sown in the rabi crop are potatoes, peas, mustard, wheat etc. Today we will give you information about the best varieties of mustard. The names of these advanced varieties of mustard are Pusa Bold, Pusa Mustard 28, Raj Vijay Mustard-2, Pusa Mustard 21 and Pusa Mustard RH 30. All these are the most preferred mustard varieties in the production of oilseeds in India. These varieties make more profits at the cost of farmers per hectare. Their production is also more than the rest of the varieties. So let's know in detail about these varieties of mustard.

5 advanced varieties for mustard cultivation

Mustard Pusa Bold

The time period for ripening of mustard Pusa bold is 100 to 140 days. The area of Rajasthan, Gujarat, Maharashtra and Delhi is considered suitable for sowing it. If we talk about its yield per hectare, it provides 20 to 25 quintals per hectare yield. The amount of oil inside it is up to 40 percent.

Also read: Farmers can make great profits by cultivating this variety of mustard.

Pusa mustard 28

The period of crop ripening and harvesting is 105 to 110 days. It is sown in states like Haryana, Rajasthan, Punjab, Delhi and Jammu and Kashmir. Farmer brothers can get 18 to 20 quintals of production per hectare. Talking about the amount of oil, it is up to 21 percent.

Raj Vijay Mustard-2

The crop ripening time is from 120 to 130 days. It is produced in areas of Madhya Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh. At the same time, the average yield from this ranges from 20 to 25 quintals per hectare. The amount of oil ranges from about 37 to 40 percent.

Also read: Information about all the necessary 

works related to mustard cultivation

Pusa Mustard R H30

It takes about 130 to 135 days for this type of mustard crop to ripen. The area of sowing this variety is Haryana, Punjab and Western Rajasthan. At the same time, if we talk about per hectare, it is from 16 to 20 quintals per hectare. If we talk about the amount of oil inside it, then it is up to 39 percent.

Pusa Mustard 21

The time of ripening of this variety of crops is around 137 to 152 days. Explain that it can be produced prominently in Punjab, Rajasthan and Delhi. For your information, tell that 18 to 21 quintals of production can be taken per hectare. Talking about the amount of oil from this type of mustard, it is about 37 to 40 percent. According to the Indian Institute of Lonacles of the Indian Council of Agricultural Research, if farmers of these areas want more production, then these varieties of mustard can prove to be a profitable deal for farmers. All these varieties produce more percentage of oil per hectare with more production.

Mustard oil in India is used as edible oil in almost all homes. Mustard cultivation in India is done in Uttar Pradesh, Haryana, Maharashtra, Rajasthan and Madhya Pradesh. The main thing of mustard cultivation is that it can be grown in both irrigated and irrigated fields. Mustard is the third most important oilseed crop in the world after soybean and palm. Mustard oil as well as mustard leaves are mainly used to prepare vegetables. Mustard cake is also made, which is used to feed milch cattle. Along with the domestic market, the farmers have got a great feeling of mustard this year due to the increase in the demand for mustard in the international markets. At the same time, the central government has also increased its minimum support price.

Take special care of these things before cultivating mustard 

Before cultivating mustard, some things have to be kept in mind, so that we can get proper yield of crop, they are:-

Mustard suitable soil

Generally mustard cultivation can be done in every type of soil. However, the Balui loam soil with a single and better drainage is the most suitable for getting a brilliant yield of mustard. However, it should not be salty and barren land.

How to prepare mustard field 

Mustard cultivation requires a bright soil, the field should first plough the soil with a plough. After this, two to three ploughing should be done through native plough or cultivator. After ploughing it, it is very important to keep the moisture in the field and to level the fields. By applying it, both time and water are saved in irrigation.

Quantity of seeds

For your information , for the sowing of mustard crops in the fields where there is adequate means of irrigation, 5 to 6 kg of seeds should be used at the rate of 5 to hectare. The amount of mustard seeds may be different in the fields where there is not enough means of irrigation. Explain that the amount of seed depends on the basis of the variety of crops. If the time period of the crop is for more days, then the amount of seeds will be reduced. If the crop is of short time, then the amount of seed will be high.

Advanced varieties of mustard 

For mustard cultivation, it is also necessary to have knowledge of its advanced varieties, so that more yields can be achieved. Various types of mustard varieties are different for irrigated areas and unirrigated areas.

1. RH (RH) 30: Both irrigated areas and unirrigated areas are good for sowing with wheat, gram and barley in both conditions.

2. T59 (Varuna): This variety provides good yields in areas where there is no availability of means of irrigation. Its yield is 15 to 18 quintals per hectare in the unirrigated area. The amount of oil in its rash is 36 percent.

3. Pusa Bold: Ashirwad (RK): This variety is suitable for late sowing (from 25 October to 15 November).

4. NRC HB (NRC HB) 101: These varieties provide good yields in areas where adequate irrigation is provided. These varieties provide production ranging from 20 to 22 quintals per hectare.

When and how to irrigate mustard crop

In the mustard crop, the first irrigation should be done in 25 to 30 days and the second irrigation should be done in the stage of filling the grains in the fruits. If there is rain in the winter, even if the other irrigation is not done, even a good yield can be achieved. The field should not be irrigated at the time of flowering in mustard.

Irrigation in mustard crops should generally be done through bandage methods. Irrigation should be done by making a bandage of 4 to 6 metres wide according to the size of the farm. By irrigation by this method, the distribution of water is equal in the entire field.

Use of fertiliser and fertiliser in mustard cultivation

For your information, tell that for the fields where there is not enough irrigation means of irrigation, 6 to 12 rotten cow dung, 160 to 170 kg of urea, 250 kg single super phosphate, 50 kg of muret and potash and 200 kg It is appropriate to mix in the field before sowing gypsum. Mix half the quantity of urea at the time of sowing and half the remaining quantity in the field after the first irrigation. For the fields where there is no suitable means of irrigation, 4 to 5 tons of rotten cow dung, 85 to 90 kg of urea, 125 kg single super phosphate, 33 kg muret and potash per hectare are put in the field.

Weed control in mustard cultivation

In mustard cultivation, dense plants should be expelled from the field in 15 to 20 days of sowing. Along with this, their mutual distance should be made 15 cm. To eliminate weeds, weeding must be done in mustard fields before irrigation. In the event of weeds not destroyed, weeding and weeding should also be done after second irrigation. To control weeds by chemical method, within 2 to 3 days after sowing, the 3.3 litres of 3 to 3 days of pendimethalin 30 EC chemicals should be mixed with 600 to 800 litres of water and sprayed at the rate of per hectare.

Mustard crop harvesting and storage

When 75% of the legumes turn golden in mustard crop, then the seeds should be separated by cutting the crop by machine or by hand, drying or pouring it. Mustard seeds should be stored only when the seeds dried in the best way.

Mustard production from cultivation

In areas where there is not enough irrigation, it can yield from 20 to 25 quintals per hectare and areas where there are adequate irrigation arrangements. There can be achieving 25 to 30 quintals per hectare.

Mustard market price and earnings

The central government has fixed the minimum support price (MSP) of mustard by Rs 150 per quintal to Rs 5200 per quintal this year. Last year, the minimum support price of mustard was Rs 5050. Due to the increasing demand and lack of availability of mustard, this time the open markets are getting more than the minimum support price. Mustard is getting 6500 to 9500 rupees per quintal in open markets. Farmers can sell their crops in the major mandis of India where the price is high. In addition, direct contact with oil processing companies can also be sold directly to companies. At the same time, farmers can also sell their crops to traders in the open market. Explain that this year the mustard crop has given good prices to the farmers. Farmers are expected to get good mustard prices even further.

It is a well-known fact that India imports a large quantity of oil. However, the controversy surrounding the commercial cultivation of GM mustard continues to linger even after its approval by the Indian government. Nowadays, there is a lot of debate in India regarding the commercial cultivation of GM mustard, which is genetically modified mustard. Despite the Central Government's approval, the controversy over it persists, and the Supreme Court recently debated this issue. The question that arises is why the controversy over GM mustard has arisen in the first place. To understand this, we need to know what GM mustard is and its benefits. Last year, the Biotech regulator Genetic Engineering Appraisal Committee of the Union Environment Ministry approved the commercial cultivation of GM mustard, which sparked strong opposition from many farmer groups, AGOs, and environment-related organizations, leading the matter to reach the court.

What do the organizations standing against this have to say?

On one hand, the organizations standing against it say that due to the use of GM mustard in India, agriculture will suffer a lot. Also,  according to experts, this will increase productivity and farmers will benefit greatly from it.  Experts also say that it is being cultivated successfully in many countries.  In such a situation, if India also adopts it, it will have many benefits in the future. But, what will be the benefit to the farmers from this?

Also read: Research started to prepare GM seeds of 13 crops

Important information about GM mustard

Genetically modified mustard ( GM mustard ) is a species of mustard created by mixing two different varieties of plants.  This means that it is a hybrid species, which has been created in the lab.  The chances of contracting diseases are very low. Besides, its production also remains high.  Now the yield of the first generation hybrid species obtained from such crossing is likely to be higher than the original varieties. However, doing this with mustard was not convenient. This is because its flowers contain both male and female reproductive organs.  This means that the mustard plant pollinates itself to a large extent and Does not require pollination from any other plant. In such a situation, the opportunity to create hybrid varieties of mustard like maize, tomato, or cotton is greatly reduced.

Various benefits of producing GM mustard

Increase in Productivity: Proponents argue that GM mustard, especially Dhara mustard hybrid ( DMH - 11 ), has the potential to significantly increase the productivity of mustard crops. Because of this, mustard cultivation is currently being seen in India. It can help in dealing with the problem of low productivity.

Also read: Mustard Cultivation: Good income at low cost

Reduction in import dependence: India imports edible oils in large quantities and GM mustard can reduce this dependence by increasing domestic mustard oil production. This could potentially save foreign exchange and promote self-reliance in edible oil production

Crop protection: Genetic modification can confer resistance to pests and diseases, reducing the need for chemical pesticides.  This can encourage environmentally friendly and sustainable agricultural practices.